model 2 net increase or decrease in % Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Question : 21 [SSC CHSL 2012]

A number is increased by 10% and then it is decreased by 10%. The net change in the number is

a) 2% decrease

b) 1% decrease

c) 1% increase

d) no increase or decrease

Answer: (b)

Using Rule 4,

Net change

= $(10 - 10 - {10 × 10}/100)%$

= –1% = 1% decrease

Question : 22 [SSC CGL Prelim 2003]

If price of a book is first decreased by 25% and then increased by 20%, the net change in the price of the book will be

a) 5% decrease

b) 5% increase

c) no change

d) 10% decrease

Answer: (d)

The net change in price

= $(-25 +20 - {25 × 20}/100)$

= (–25 + 20 – 5)% = – 10%

Negative sign shows decrease.

Question : 23

Two successive price increases of 10% and 10% of an article are equivalent to a single price increase of

a) 20%

b) 22%

c) 21%

d) 19%

Answer: (c)

Using Rule 7,

If a number is first increased by a% and then again increased by b%, then total increase per cent is $(a + b + {ab}/100)$%

Tricky approach

Single equivalent percentage increase in price

= $(10 + 10 + {10 × 10}/100)%$ = 21 %

Question : 24 [SSC SAS 2010]

If a number is increased by 20% and the resulting number is again increased by 20%, what per cent is the total increase ?

a) 44%

b) 40%

c) 41%

d) 48%

Answer: (a)

Using Rule 7,

Effective percentage increase

= $(20 + 20 + {20 × 20}/100)%$= 44%

Question : 25 [SSC CHSL 2014]

A number is first decreased by 20%. The decreased number is then increased by 20%. The resulting number is less than the original number by 20. Then the original number is

a) 400

b) 600

c) 500

d) 200

Answer: (c)

Effective percentage = $(-20 + 20 - {20 × 20}/100)$= - 4%

If the number be x, then 4% of x = 20

$x × 4/100 = 20$

$x = {20 × 100}/4 = 500$

Using Rule 3,

If an amount is increased by a% and then it is reduced by a% again, then percentage change will be a decrease of $a^2/100%$

Let the number be x

Decrease % = $20^2/100$ = 4%

x – 4% of x = x – 20

${4x}/100 = + 20 ⇒ x = 500$

IMPORTANT quantitative aptitude EXERCISES

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